This is the shorted marker ‘<’, which causes the length of the following phoneme to decrease. This is the lengthen marker ‘>’, which causes the length of the following phoneme to increase. These length control prosidics are placed before the affected phoneme to change phoneme length. This is the pitch fall marker ‘\’, which causes pitch to fall on the following phoneme. This is the pitch rise marker ‘/’, which causes pitch to rise on the following phoneme. These pitch control prosidics are placed before the affected phoneme to change the pitch at which they are spoken. This is the emphatic stress word marker ‘+’, used to give special emphasis to a word. This is the normal word marker ‘_’, used for information-bearing words. This is the unstressed word marker ‘~’, used for words with minimal information content. These are the word prominence markers, used to affect the stress on words. One of these is required at the beginning of each word. This is the secondary stress mark ‘2’ This is the primary stress mark ‘1’ These are the lexical stress marks, used to mark stresses within a word. This is the syllable break ‘=’, used to mark syllable breaks within a word. This is the syllable break mark. This is the breath phoneme ‘@’ This is the silence phoneme ‘%’ These phoneme symbols cause a temporary pause in speech. They can be lengthened and shortened like any other phoneme.